Case-Study-Pregnancy-and-Blood-Type.pdf

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• Author:: drive.google.com
• Title:: Case-Study-Pregnancy-and-Blood-Type.pdf
• Reference:: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VDSisoGLH2oSZ7swBi5AHkrCTlQ9AwFA/view
• Category:: #article
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Page Notes

Blood that is given during a transfusion needs to be similar to the recipient person’s blood, so that their antibodies think nothing is amiss the ABO and Rh systems are the most important when blood transfusions are required. If incompatible blood groups are mixed, agglutination (blood clumping) will occur which may be life threatening.

Glycosylation is the most prevalent and diverse post-translational modification; over 70% of human proteins undergo this process. Glycosylation is the process by which sugars are added to proteins.

ABO blood type is determined by the types of sugars used to build the carbohydrates attached to proteins on the surfaces of red blood cells
The gene that encodes the proteins that form the basis of the ABO blood groups is located on chromosome 9
The ‘O’ blood group has the H-antigen.

A frameshift mutation caused by a deletion of guanine-258 near the N-terminus of the protein results in the formation of the H-antigen and the ‘O’ blood group

The glycosyltransferase activities convert the H-antigen into the A-antigen through the addition of the sugar N-acetylgalactosamine, or into the B-antigen through the addition of galactose

• Blood Group ‘A’
  • If you belong to this blood group, you have A-antigens on the surface of your red blood cells. Your blood plasma has B-antibodies that work against B-antigens
• Blood Group ‘B’
  • If you belong to this blood group, you have B-antigens on the surface of your red blood cells. Your blood plasma has A-antibodies that work against A-antigens
• Blood Group ‘AB’
  • If you belong to this blood group, you have Aand Bantigens on the surface of your red blood cells. Your blood plasma has no antibodies that work against A or Bantigens
• Blood Group ‘O’
  • If you belong to this blood group, you have no antigens on the surface of your red blood cells. Your blood plasma has both Aand Bantibodies that work against A and Bantigens respectively

Rhesus Factor

Many people have the Rh factor, an antigen, on the surface of their red blood cells. Those that have this antigen are Rh+ and those that do not have it are Rh-

• Rhesus Factor is an antigen on the surface of rbc.

Rh- do not naturally have Rh antibodies in their blood plasma.

If a pregnant female is Rh- and her male partner is Rh+, there is a chance that the baby will be Rh+. If the baby is Rh+, the mother’s body may produce antibodies which will attack the baby’s red blood cells. A person with Rh+ blood can receive Rh- blood without any problems. An Rh- person can develop Rh+ antibodies in their blood plasma if they receive Rh+ blood.
There are three gene alleles that control blood type: IA, IB and i. ‘I’ stands for immunoglobin, for the type of white blood cell that would be triggered to attack. IA and IB are co-dominant genes, meaning that when they are both inherited, they are both fully expressed. The recessive form of the allele is ‘i’

• RhoGAM is an Rh-immune globulin and can stop a pregnant mother from attacking Rh-positive cells.
  • This is to stop any complications.
  • During 1st exposure to rh-positive blood cells, the mother will develop anti-Rh antibodies. Those will attack the baby during the second pregnancy.